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The ''USS Maine'' Mast Memorial is a memorial honoring those who died aboard the on February 15, 1898, after a mysterious explosion destroyed the ship while at anchor in Havana Harbor. It is located in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States. The memorial consists of the main mast of the battleship set atop a circular concrete burial receiving vault designed to resemble a battleship turret. The memorial has occasionally been used to hold the remains of important individuals, such as Lord Lothian and Ignacy Jan Paderewski. ==The ''Maine'' disaster== The ''USS Maine'' was one of several new battleships and other warships built by the United States Navy after 1884 to modernize the fleet. The ''Maine'' was launched on November 18, 1889, and commissioned on September 17, 1895. She was part of the North Atlantic Squadron for nearly all of her career. On January 25, 1898, the ''Maine'' was sent from Key West, Florida, to Havana, Cuba, to protect American citizens and interests during the Cuban War of Independence. At 9:40 p.m. local time on February 15, an explosion on board ''Maine'' destroyed and sank the ship. More than of powder charges in the ship's ammunitions magazine detonated, instantly destroying about (or one-third) of the bow of the ship. The central third of the ship remained somewhat more intact, but was severely damaged and lacked structural integrity. The last third of the ship at the stern remained completely intact. The burning ''Maine'' rapidly sank. Most of the ''Maine''s crew (none of them officers) were sleeping or resting in the enlisted quarters in the forward part of the ship. Eight others died later from their injuries. Captain Charles Dwight Sigsbee and all but two of the officers survived.〔Axelrod, p. 67–68.〕 Official figures for crew and dead are difficult to determine, and even government sources disagree. The majority of sources say the ship carried 354 crew.〔Kachur and Sterngass, p. 92.〕〔Nichols, p. 48.〕〔Hunt, p. 8.〕〔Stewart-Jones, p. 37.〕〔Youngblood, p. 68.〕〔Marley, p. 907.〕〔Navarro and Mejia, p. 250.〕〔Keith, p. 11.〕〔Rice, p. 33.〕〔Gardiner, p. 45.〕〔Paterson, Clifford, and Kagan, p. 12.〕〔Starr-LeBeau, Kross, and Allison, p. 127.〕〔McCaffrey, p. 4; Mack, Connell, and Lovette, p. 207.〕 But crew numbers cited by sources include 327,〔Lauderbaugh, p. 1050.〕 328,〔de la Cova, p. 366.〕 350,〔Hazen, p. 82.〕〔Limburg, p. 1.〕〔Drew and Snow, p. 358.〕 355,〔("The ''USS Maine'' Mast Memorial." Arlington National Cemetery. No date. ) Accessed 2013-05-21.〕〔〔Housenick, p. 190; Staten, p. 88; McNeese and Jensen, p. 12; Peters, p. 276.〕 358,〔Cutler, p. 176.〕 374,〔〔Johnson, p. 40.〕〔Paine, p. 100.〕〔Crompton, p. 22.〕 and 375.〔("The Destruction of ''USS Maine''." Naval History and Heritage Command. Department of the Navy. U.S. Department of Defense. February 6, 1998. ) Accessed 2013-05-21.〕 The number of dead is also difficult to determine. Sources claim 252,〔〔〔 260,〔〔〔〔〔Peters, p. 276.〕〔"Sad Mission of the Texas." ''Washington Post.'' November 28, 1899.〕〔Crompton, p. 40, 50; Franklin, p. 8; Murray, p. 116; Morris and Kearns, p. 394-395; Ochoa and Smith, p. 120; Ferguson, p. 206; Gould, p. 314.〕 262,〔〔Dunlap, p. 752.〕 264,〔 266,〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔Tucker, p. 1501; LaRosa and Mejia, p. 276; Yzaguirre, p. 31; Lauderbaugh, p. 1049; Hendrickson, p. 111.〕 and 274 dead.〔〔Hughes, Murphy, Flippin, and Duchaine, p. 386.〕 The number of dead is complicated by the fact that several members of the crew died after the initial explosion. But even these figures vary. Some sources say just 6〔 later died of their injuries, while others claim 8 did so.〔〔〔McCaffrey, p. 5.〕 On March 19, a U.S. Navy board of inquiry led by Captain William T. Sampson concluded that ''Maine'' was destroyed by the explosion of its ammunition magazines. But the board of inquiry were unable to determine what set off the ammunition. Nonetheless, the press and most members of Congress concluded that the ''Maine'' had struck a naval mine laid by the Spanish. Resolutions declaring war on Spain were introduced in Congress on March 28 and passed on April 20, initiating the Spanish–American War.〔Marley, p. 598.〕 (Subsequent investigations have suggested that the cause of the explosion was the ignition of coal dust in the fuel bunker or a fire in the coal bunker, although some have also concluded that the cause was a mine.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Maine Mast Memorial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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